Country
Reference year 2018   More Info: https://cravezero.eu/reports/
Name/ description Capacity (range) Specific costs Operation; maintenance Technical lifetime Panel/ System efficiency Inverter efficiency Average learning rate
  kWp €/kWp %/a a % % %
    Min. Max. Mean          
PV system rooftop <25 1 25-30   n.a. 19,94
PV system rooftop 25-100 1 25-30   n.a. 19,94
PV system rooftop >100 1 25-30   n.a. 19,94
PV system facade integrated <25       n.a. 19,94
PV system facade integrated 25-100       n.a. 19,94
PV system facade integrated >100       n.a. 19,94
PV panels <25 1 25 16-21 n.a. 19,94
PV panels 25-100 1 25 16-21 n.a. 19,94
PV panels >100 1 25   n.a. 19,94
PV mounting system <25   25   n.a. 19,94
PV mounting system 25-100       n.a. 19,94
PV mounting system >100       n.a. 19,94
Inverter <25 1 15   n.a. 19,94
Inverter 25-100 1 15   n.a. 19,94
Inverter >100 1 15   n.a. 19,94
  Country
Reference year 2018   More Info: https://cravezero.eu/reports/  
Name/ description Collector area Specific costs Typical storage volume Operation; maintenance Technical lifetime Expected yield Efficiency Average learning rate
  m² €/m² l %/a a kWh/m²a % %
    Min. Max. Mean            
Flat plate collector <20 400-800 20-25     13,75
Flat plate collector 20-80 1500-5000 20-25     13,75
Flat plate collector >80 5500 1 20-25     13,75
Vacuum tube collector <20 400-800 1,4 20-25     13,75
Vacuum tube collector 20-80   20-25     13,75
Vacuum tube collector >80     20-25     13,75
Other <20     20-25     13,75
Other 20-80     20-25     13,75
Other >80           13,75
  Country
Reference year 2018   More Info: https://cravezero.eu/reports/
Boiler and district heating                
Name/ description Capacity Specific costs     Operation; maintenance Technical lifetime Efficiency Average learning rate
  kWth €/kWth     %/a a % %
    Min. Max. Mean        
Gas condensing boiler <50 2,5 20-25 90-104 10
Gas condensing boiler 50-200 1,6 20-25 90-104 10
Gas condensing boiler >200 1,7 20-25 90-104 10
Oil condensing boiler  <50 1,4 20-25   10
Oil condensing boiler  50-200 1,4 20-25   10
Oil condensing boiler  >200 1,4 20-25   10
Biomass boiler pellets <50 1,4 20-25   13
Biomass boiler pellets 50-200 1,7 20-25   13
Biomass boiler pellets >200 1,4 20-25   13
Biomass boiler wood chips <50 1,4 20-25   13
Biomass boiler wood chips 50-200 1,4 20-25   13
Biomass boiler wood chips >200 1,4 20-25   13
Biomass furnace <50   20-25   13
Biomass furnace 50-200   20-25   13
Biomass furnace >200   20-25   13
District heating compact station for indirect operation <50 2,2 20-25 95  
District heating compact station for indirect operation 50-200 1,6 20-25    
District heating compact station for indirect operation >200 1,6 20-25    
                 
CHP                
  Capacity class Specific costs     Operation; maintenance Technical lifetime Thermal efficiency Electrical efficiency
  kWel €/kWel     %/a a % %
    Min. Max. Mean        
Gas CHP <50       28
Gas CHP 50-200       36
Gas CHP >200       43
Fuel Cell CHP <50     54% 0
Fuel Cell CHP 50-200     40% 0
Fuel Cell CHP >200     n.a. n.a.
Gas-Turbine <50 5,7   61,125 26
Gas-Turbine 50-200 5,7   54,3 32
Gas-Turbine >200 5,7   50,725 38
Stirling <50     60 23
Stirling 50-200     n.a. n.a.
Stirling >200     n.a. n.a.
Biogas CHP <50       31
Biogas CHP 50-200       36
Biogas CHP >200       42
LPG-CHP <50       28
LPG-CHP 50-200       34
LPG-CHP >200       36
Heating oil CHP <50       32
Heating oil CHP 50-200       38
Heating oil CHP >200       43
  Country
Reference year 2018   More Info: https://cravezero.eu/reports/
Name/ description Capacity class (nominal capacity) Specific costs     Operation; maintenance Technical lifetime Efficiency (COP) Average learning rate
  kWth €/kWth     %/a a   %
    Min. Max. Mean        
Air-water heat pump reversible <50       9,83
Air-water heat pump reversible 50-200       9,83
Air-water heat pump reversible >200       9,83
Air-water heat pump non-reversible <50 3 20-25 3,43 9,83
Air-water heat pump non-reversible 50-200 3 20-25 3,33 9,83
Air-water heat pump non-reversible >200 3 20-25 4,00 9,83
Water-water heat pump reversible <50 1,4 20-25   9,83
Water-water heat pump reversible 50-200 1,4 20-25   9,83
Water-water heat pump reversible >200 1,4 20-25   9,83
Water-water heat pump non-reversible <50 1,95 20-25   9,83
Water-water heat pump non-reversible 50-200 1,4 20-25 7,23 9,83
Water-water heat pump non-reversible >200 1,4 20-25   9,83
Brine-water heat pump reversible <50 1,4 20-25   9,83
Brine-water heat pump reversible 50-200 1,4 20-25   9,83
Brine-water heat pump reversible >200 1,4 20-25   9,83
Brine-water heat pump non-reversible <50 1,4 20-25 3,23 9,83
Brine-water heat pump non-reversible 50-200 1,4 20-25 3,69 9,83
Brine-water heat pump non-reversible >200 1,4 20-25 4,17 9,83
    Country
Reference year 2018   More Info: https://cravezero.eu/reports/
Name/ description   Maximum cooling capacity class Specific costs     Operation; maintenance Technical lifetime Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) Volume flow rate at nominal power Average learning rate
    kWth €/kWth     %/a a   m³/h %
      Min. Max. Mean          
Compression chiller   <400 3 17-20   4,66 13,5
Moveable air-conditioning in buildings     3 17-20   3,15 13,5
Reversible split air-conditioning in buildings     3 17-20   8,5 13,5
Split air-conditioning - cold only - in buildings   <40 3 17-20   8,5 13,5
Absorption refrigerator   35 3 17-20   0,7 13,5
Air cooling system              
    Country
Reference year 2018   More Info: https://cravezero.eu/reports/
Name/ description   Capacity class Specific costs     Operation; maintenance Technical lifetime Effective HRV efficiency Application range volume flow Average learning rate
    m³/h €/(m³/h)     %/a a % m³/h %
central     Min. Max. Mean          
Mechanical ventilation system   <10000 2,05 25 74,5 2947,5 14
Mechanical ventilation system   10000-30000 2,05 25 84 3360 14
Mechanical ventilation system   >30000 2,05 25 83 42000 14
Ventilation system with heat recovery   <10000   20 70 1992 14
Ventilation system with heat recovery   10000-30000   20 84 11750 14
Ventilation system with heat recovery   >30000   20 88 30600 14
Exhaust air system - no air treatment function   <10000 4,45 25 n.a. 3300 14
Exhaust air system - no air treatment function   10000-30000 3,25 25 n.a. 18500 14
Exhaust air system - no air treatment function   >30000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 14
Central supply and exhaust air system - Air treatment function: Heating <10000 4,45 25 n.a. 5250 14
Central supply and exhaust air system - Air treatment function: Heating 10000-30000 4,45 25 n.a. 21000 14
Central supply and exhaust air system - Air treatment function: Heating >30000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 14
Central supply and exhaust air system - Air treatment function: heating and cooling, no controlled humidification / dehumidification
Capacity range (from / to, mean value of incoming and outgoing air): 3,500/7,000 m³/h 		<10000 4,45 25 n.a. 4433 14
Central supply and exhaust air system - Air treatment function: heating and cooling, no controlled humidification / dehumidification
Capacity range (from / to, mean value of incoming and outgoing air): 3,500/7,000 m³/h 		10000-30000 4,45 25 n.a. 21000 14
Central supply and exhaust air system - Air treatment function: heating and cooling, no controlled humidification / dehumidification
Capacity range (from / to, mean value of incoming and outgoing air): 3,500/7,000 m³/h 		>30000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 14
                     
decantralized                    
Extraction fan   <5000 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2333 14
Decentralised ventilation system (supply and extraction)                    
Pendulum fan                    
    Country
Reference year 2018   More Info: https://cravezero.eu/reports/
Thermal storage
Name/ description   Capacity class Specific Costs     Operation; maintenance Technical lifetime Heat loss rate Average learning rate
    Litre €/l     %/a a W/K %
      Min. Max. Mean        
DHW tank   <2000        
DHW tank   2000-5000        
DHW tank   >5000     5,5  
DHW and heating   <2000   50    
DHW and heating   2000-5000   50 0,2  
DHW and heating   >5000   50    
Storage with Heat Pump    <2000   15 1,83  
Storage with Heat Pump    2000-5000        
Storage with Heat Pump    >5000        
Decentral heat storages   <2000        
Decentral heat storages   2000-5000   50    
Decentral heat storages   >5000        
Buffer storage   <2000   50    
Buffer storage   2000-5000   50    
Buffer storage   >5000   15 13  
                   
Electrical storage                  
Name/ description   Capacity class Specific Costs     Operation; maintenance Technical lifetime Self-discharge Efficiency
    kWh €/kWh     %/a a %/mo. %
      Min. Max. Mean        
Lead/ Acid accumulator           85
Li-Ion accumulator   <10       90
Li-Ion accumulator   ≥10       90
  Country
Reference year 2018 More Info: https://cravezero.eu/reports/
Name/ description Thickness insulation layer Specific costs     Operation; maintenance Technical lifetime Heat transfer coefficient Average learning rate
  cm €/m² component area   %/a a W/(m²K) %
    Min. Max. Mean        
Opaque envelope Building element                
Roof 15-25 1,5 40    
Roof >25 1,5 40    
External wall <15 1,5 40 0,29  
External wall 15-25 1,5 40 0,18  
External wall >25 1,5 40    
Ground floor/ Basement ceiling <15 1,5 40    
Ground floor/ Basement ceiling 15-25 1,5 40    
Ground floor/ Basement ceiling >25 1,5 40    
                 
Translucent building envelope                
2-fold glazing   1,5 40 1,49  
Triple glazing   1,5 40 0,91